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To date, the activities of detective agencies are not legalized, but not directly prohibited by law in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, there is no liability for engaging in detective activities, the ban is extended only to those actions of private detectives that are not allowed by the Constitution of Ukraine or the norms of the Criminal Code. Therefore, the cooperation of private detectives with law enforcement agencies can take place in the format of public assistance, journalistic investigations or within the law of Ukraine on the Bar. Police departments need reform, the Soviet-era system is built in such a way that it cannot fully and comprehensively meet the needs of citizens and fulfill the tasks assigned to them by the state. The task of this article is to acquaint with the areas of activity of the Department of Internal Affairs and their system.
The directions of law enforcement activity are a reflection of the internal policy of the state, the implementation of which, according to the Constitution, is entrusted to the Cabinet, the Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (hereinafter – the Ministry of Internal Affairs) as the main (leading) body in the system of central executive authorities directs its activities towards the formation and implementation of the state policies in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state, from unlawful encroachments, combating crime, protecting public order, ensuring public safety, road safety and fire safety, protecting and defending especially important state facilities. The law enforcement activities of the internal affairs bodies (hereinafter referred to as the ATS) are quite versatile and are carried out simultaneously at three levels – central, regional and local. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, as the central executive body, implements state policy in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society, organizes and coordinates the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs in combating crime, protecting public order and ensuring public safety, the needs of society and the interests of the state in the law enforcement sphere intersect, since ensuring law and order is one of the main functions of the state and is the key to the stability of society. The government, like society, is interested in public peace, in the orderliness of internal state relations. An important guarantee of law and order and legality is the law enforcement activity of the state, which is carried out through the system of internal affairs bodies.
Main tasksIn accordance with the Regulations on it, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is responsible for organizing and coordinating the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of society and the state from unlawful encroachments, the protection of public order and ensuring the safety of citizens.
The types of law enforcement activities of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are preventive, operational-investigative, criminal procedural, executive, security (on a contractual basis) and organizational and legal.
The Ministry of the Interior and its subordinate bodies have broad powers to carry out law enforcement tasks. The status of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as one of the main power structures in the state is not unfounded. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, in particular, has the right to receive from ministries, other central bodies of state executive power, enterprises, institutions and organizations the information necessary to fulfill the tasks assigned to it. None of the ministries of Ukraine, except for the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Statistics, has such powers.
It is also important that, on the basis of and in pursuance of the current legislation of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs issues orders within its powers, independently organizing and controlling their execution, and, if necessary, issues joint acts together with other central executive authorities and local state administrations (for example, on the procedure for recording cases of appeals to medical institutions and city raillining agencies of internal affairs of citizens with bodily injuries of a criminal nature, organizing joint patrols of police officers and military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, etc.).
Decisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on road safety, fire safety, activities of the licensing system (administrative and executive structure that controls the acquisition, storage and use of weapons and explosives, registration of hunting societies, etc.), other issues determined by the current legislation are mandatory for central and local government bodies, as well as enterprises, institutions and organizations.
The effectiveness of domestic policy in general, as well as such a component of it as law enforcement, largely depends on the organization of the management process, the level of responsibility and the leadership role of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs, as the governing body of the ATS system, takes part in the development and implementation of state policy to combatproviding crime. at all levels of prevention of crimes, their termination, disclosure and investigation, organizes the search for persons who have committed crimes, takes measures to eliminate the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of offenses.
The ATS system of Ukraine is built in response to this goal and directions of their activity. The latter are divided into three groups: basic, provisional and general management. The main activities (hereinafter referred to as the functions) OVS include: ensuring the personal security of citizens, protecting their rights, freedoms and legitimate interests; security; protection of public order; prevention, suppression of crimes and other offenses; timely detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes and search for persons who committed them; ensuring road safety; protection of property from criminal encroachments; execution of administrative penalties; fire safety guarantee, etc.
Provision functionsare aimed at ensuring the effective operation of the internal affairs bodies. These include material and technical supply, financial support, ensuring working conditions for employees of these bodies, etc.
The functions of general managementensure the effectiveness of the management of the organs of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the process of ensuring public order and combating crime in the state. Based on this, the ATS system of Ukraine includes the following; groups of structural units:
– sectoral services (divisions) that implement the main functions of these bodies, namely: the police, investigative apparatus, fire protection, internal troops;
– functional services (divisions) that perform the security functions of these bodies: personnel, financial and economic, economic, medical services;
— general leadership: heads of services (divisions), headquarters, duty units, information and analytical centers, the minister’s office.
The ATS system in transport has certain features of management and functioning, which is built taking into account the specifics of ensuring the protection of public order and the fight against crime in rail, air, sea and river transport.
On the main lines of the Ukrainian railway (North-Western, Southern, Transnistrian, Odessa, Donetsk and Lviv railways) there are departments of internal affairs, centrally subordinated to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, at large railway stations – linear fromaffairs of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (UMVD), at other railway facilities – police departments and points. The system of internal affairs bodies in railway transport is subordinate to the Department of Internal Affairs in Transport of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (UVST of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine), headed by the head of the department, appointed to the position by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
At large airports, sea and river ports, there are departments of internal affairs subordinate to the territorial departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of regions and cities.
The Department of Internal Affairs in transport includes all the main industry services (with the exception of the state automobile), passport and fire departments and some others.
At some industrial enterprises, in institutions and organizations whose activities are associated with a special mode of operation (defensive nature, especially high technical danger, and a number of others), internal affairs departments are created to work at closed facilities.
The system of internal affairs bodies is simultaneously managed and managed, that is, it actually acts as an object and subject of management.
The effectiveness of the functioning of units and services of the internal affairs bodies largely depends on the effectiveness of their management. As a kind of public administration, it should ensure the interaction of systems, units and services of internal affairs bodies as a whole in order to fulfill their tasks in the field of internal affairs of the state.
The process of managing internal affairs bodies is a single system of interrelated and in a certain order performed actions that can be considered as its elements or stages. It determines the dynamics of the implementation of management goals through a system of actions of changing, developing and improving operations. In the management process, the goals and the tasks and functions of the internal affairs body determined by them are revealed. This process is characterized by continuity, cyclicity, and is carried out in different directions.
The ATS system is headed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the central body of state executive power.
The system of local internal affairs bodies includes the following structural elements: the department (main departments) of internal affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Crimea, in regions, cities, departments (departments) of internal affairs in districts (districts in cities) and Linear departments (management) of internal affairs.
Management (main managementii) Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions, cities of Kyiv and Sevastopol is created in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine. They directly on the ground perform the functions of executive power in the field of internal affairs, performing the tasks assigned to them through their subordinate relevant services and city, district departments (departments) of internal affairs. The department (main departments) of internal affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is an apparatus that directly performs tasks for the fight against crime, the protection of public order within the powers granted to them. they are headed by chiefs who are appointed by order of the Minister of Internal Affairs in Ukraine.
The main forms of management activities of these bodies are: issuing orders, instructions and instructions, approving action plans, exercising control functions, holding seminars, meetings, meetings, etc.
Each branch service (subdivision) has a certain internal structure, which is formed in accordance with the tasks and functions it performs. In particular, the Department (Main Department) of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine includes departments (Departments): Criminal Investigation; state service for combating economic crime; combating organized crime; administrative police service; state automobile inspection; organizing the work of district police inspectors; investigative units; investigation units; state security service; fire department; headquarters units; passport work; registration and migration work and others.
City (district) departments (departments) of internal affairs practically implement common tasks for all links, determined by the laws of Ukraine, decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions and orders of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, as well as acts of local governments. On the basis of laws and by-laws of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, by issuing orders (instructions), determines the forms and methods of activity of the internal affairs apparatus at the places where the tasks are performed:
Local internal affairs bodies play a leading role in the protection of public order, the fight against crime, since they directly, with their own forces and means, ensure order in public places, prevent offenses and stop them.
The structure of city and district departments (departments) of internal affairs corresponds to their main functions. she defIt is divided by staff lists, in which the names of positions, number and salaries are given. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, within the limits of the staffing and payroll, approves the staffs of the relevant internal affairs bodies.
City, district departments (departments) are managed by chiefs who are appointed to the position by order of the head of the Internal Affairs Directorate (GUVD) in agreement with the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
The departments (departments) of local internal affairs bodies include: headquarters, department (criminal investigation department, department of the service for combating economic crime, investigative department, division of the state automobile inspection, passport services, correctional labor inspection, service of district police inspectors. At departments (departments) of internal affairs there are also departments (departments) of the state security service.To ensure the continuous performance of the functions of protecting public order, duty units operate in the internal affairs apparatus in the fight against crime, there are pre-trial detention cells, there may also be medical sobering-up stations and other units.
City and district departments (departments) of internal affairs may include police departments serving a certain territory and built according to the sectoral principle. their employees, based on industry division, work in the relevant areas.
